History and Culture of Avhianwu Clan”

History and culture of Avhianwu Clan

The 2024 New Yam Festival (Esi) in Ogbona/Avhianwu

The New Yam Festival (Esi) in Ogbona/Avhianwu The Significance of the annual Esi festival This annual celebration is a time for the people of Ogbona/Avhianwu to show appreciation to God for His goodness and bountiful harvest at the end of every farming season. August marks the joyous celebration of Esi, the new yam festival, in the Ogbona Community. This grand event is akin to Christmas in its elaborate nature, filled with festivities and merriment! A Culinary Delight Savor the flavors of our traditional melon soup (egusi) and draw soup (ogbono or ogbolo), served with pounded yam. Yam is the star of the show, and its significance in Esi celebrations cannot be overstated – it’s considered taboo to celebrate without it! The Preparations The day before Esi, Evhia, is a busy time, ensuring everything is ready, especially the yams. The first day, Eomhi, features Ekeke soghosoghor as the main soup with pounded yam. The second day, Ewor, is a ceremonial day, with Omhi Akphe as the traditional soup, and a time to welcome visitors. 2024 Festival Dates The 2024 Ogbona Esi (New Yam) festival celebration will take place on August 25th and 26th, 2024, as directed by the community elders. Note: Part of this write-up was adapted from “Ogbona that Flows in My Veins” by Dr. John Anaweokhai.

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2022 Aduikukwa

2022 Aduikwu kwa Day : Ogbona Sub Clan updated some of the community Rules Aduikwu kwa day is the traditional new year in Avhianwu clan and it was held on Friday 4th March, 2022 The Okpeukpi of Ogbona sub clan head, HRH Chief Willy Idode and the council of chiefs announced changes to the community burial programs to reduce the burden on the people. Is no longer compulsory to buy a cow for your mother or father’s family during burial. However, if you have the means and choose to buy one, is at your discretion. Not compulsory to cook or buy drinks for people while the body is still in the mortuary. Anyone caught eating and drinking in the house of the bereaved will be fined N5,000. Visitors are allowed to drink but cooking is totally out of it

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Esi 2020 : Ogbona Community Celebrates New Yam festival in a Grand Style

Esi : Ogbona Community Celebrates New Yam festival in a Grand Style By Elias Inaede, Ogbona ( Etsako Central) As part of efforts to prevent their cultural heritage from going into extinction, Ogbona Community in Etsako Central local government, has held the 2020 ESI (New Yam festival ) celebration in a grand Style. Expectedly, it was a ceremony that attracted the traditional Rulers,the high and mighty to the community to rejoice with them over a bountiful harvest in the last farming season . It was also, an avenue for the people to showcase their rich cultural values to their visitors who came from far and near to witness the historic ceremony.Historic in the sense that, the festival showed the cooperation and unity that exist among the people. In his opening speech, the traditional Ruler of Ogbona Community, His Royal Highness, Willy Idode, while declaring the ceremony open, said , the essence of the festival was to show appreciation to God for a bountiful harvest in the last farming season. HRH Idode, urged the people of the community to promote things that unite the people rather dwelling than on capable of causing division in the community. HRH Idode, who doubles as the Okphe Ukpi of Ogbona, further asserted, that there was need for the people of the to live in peace and unity to attain sustainable growth and development. According to the Sub Clan Head, Esi (new yam festival) is celebrated as a sign of thanksgiving to the creator for His provision and protection over the people . Also speaking, the Egboise of Ogbona, Chief Vincent Otsoi, said the festival was all embracing and all encompassing. He said, the festival was a ceremony that cannot be bruised aside as a result of it’s importance to the unity of the community. He further maintained, that, the ceremony brings reunion among friends, Age groups, social cultural organizations and relatives among others. Various traditional dances added colour to the occasion. In attendance, were the Okphe Ukpi of Ivhiunone Sub Clan, HRH (Engr.) Emmanuel Ogah, Onokhaole the 2nd, Colonel Francis Otsemobor Igbanor (Rtd), Chief Jacob Aletagbor Okhipo, Mr.Godfrey Imoagene, among others. Highlights of the Ogbona 2020 EsI day was offering of prayers for peace in the land and presentation of tubers of yams and melon by the various men and women Age Groups in the community to Cater for humanity.

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UKPE NOKHUA (ONYE KHAKHA) BY JOHN ANAWEOKHAI AND GILBERT ODIOR

UKPE NOKHUA (ONYE KHAKHA) BY JOHN ANAWEOKHAI AND GILBERT ODIOR One distinctive, enduring and appreciable quality about Ogbona, nay Avhianwu tradition, is the recognition given to women of virtue. Such honour is never bought or influenced by whatever means but justly earned. Whoever is conferred with such honour occupies a special position in the comity of women. One of the basis upon which such honour is earned is through the performance of UKPE NOKHUA rite. As the name implies, it is rare event that is celebrated with rolled out drums. A woman who has lived very well with her husband and his family, would want to entrench herself permanently in the family. With the performance of UKPE NOKHUA rite, her position in her husband’s family becomes non-negotiable and cemented forever. She can never be forced out of the family. Nothing under the sun can chase her out of her matrimonial home. This perhaps, informs the rareness of the event and the age advancement of women who perform it. Any woman who so desires, carves a special chair with which she sits down all the time. A special stool with slight resemblance of UKPI is also carved. On the day of the event, her first son carries it on her head, thus becoming the leader of the long precession. If she is not blessed with a male child, the first daughter takes up the responsibility. A lot of efforts, time and money go into UKPE NOKHUA rite. Anything edible is cooked on that day. It is customary for one to reach out to her well-wishers not necessary to give her money but to prepare whatever they can as support for the event. No matter how well one is supported, the main meal, AKHE of Egusi soup and pounded yam must be personally prepare and presented by the rite performer. The Egusi soup is brought in big open earth pot. Well-wishers may support with any other food, the preparation and presentation of the main AKHE remains the exclusive task of the woman desirous of such honour. This refer to in the local palace as “Onye khakha”. With everything in place, the woman comes out in her native hand-woven wrapper of IGBOGANE with IDIBIE tattoos all over hand body. She also wears ASAMHA, elephant tusk on her legs. She is qualified to wear UGBAGHO, blue coral bead too. She moves majestically behind her first son with other well-wishers and all food carriers behind her in the long procession around the village. She is free to include any amount of money and present all to her husband and the entire family. UKPE NOKHUA can better be appreciated when situated in the context of OKHEI. In fact, it is the female equivalence of OKHEI with which the woman becomes an unofficial chief. List of women that have performed the ceremony in Ogbona in recent past: Omhonaya Edogamhe Omhonaya Ibrama (Aeroplane) Christiana Amina Erua Anabor Comfort Abakhue Atsegwasi Asabi Imhana Odior Angelina Nasamu Odior Theresa Uworati Anabor Martha Itsefia Orbih Alice Ibra Ogah Janet Azaigbor Alfred Enetomhe IDODE: This is a brilliant piece!!! In my opinion,there is NO BASIS to compare it to OKHE title holders, in fact it is higher than Okhe.It is equivalent to an Okhe title holder who has. performed the version of UGBO_EMA stage of Okhe title which admits holders to AVIANWU MEN’S ROLL OF HONOUR. UKPE NOKHUA title for women in Avianwu, admits them into Avianwu Women Roll Call of Honour. It is an EXCLUSIVE Club for women who have achieved in Avianwu and every Rite performer earns the title of ONYE_KHA_KHA,(Great Cook For Nation!!!)IT’S AN OFFICIAL TITLE PLEASE!!!! Both titles for men and women in Avianwu are achieved as a result of share determination and HARD Work!!! By Alfred Enetomhe IDODE.  

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The origin and meaning of the term Osinegba and Forms of morning salutations

The origin and meaning of the term Osinegba – By Aha Idokpesi Okhaishe N’ Avhianwu Among the Nupe stores of charms and amulets was the Egba. Egba was an amulet in the form of a ring and was worn around the upper arm. It was believed to supply superhuman strength to the wearer during encounters. It could also cause the wearer to vanish into thin air in the face of danger, the people were made to believe. This all powerful amulet did not however weaken the reliance of the people of Etsako upon the omnipotence of the Supreme God. They believed still that God transcends all other powers including the powers ascribed to Egba. So, they were confident that God could and would deliver them from the powers of Egba and grant them the strength to vanquish the wearers of Egba. Their slogan was ‘Osi on’ Egba’ meaning ‘God is greater than Egba.’ This slogan was contracted to read ‘Osinegba’ which is today the Avhianwu vernacular version of the name God. In the vernacular of Avhianwu Osi is the word for God. Forms of morning salutations – By Aha Idokpesi Okhaishe N’ Avhianwu Various forms of morning salutations today among the various groups in Etsako land are the casualties of the Nupe invasion and occupation of Etsako land and beyond. From these morning salutations it can be known what form of resistance, if any, a particular group put up against the Nupe invaders. That is, did the group seek safety in flight or courageously move to repel the Nupe attacks. The Nupe slave raiders were known for carrying out their raids and attacks on the people at morning and waking times. Alert cries by the people were given in codes. These were made to look as forms of salutations. As mentioned above, these alert cries among the various groups reflect the form of resistance each group put up against the enemies. Such groups as Avhianwu, Ekperi, Uzairue, Ineme, Weppa-Wano, Auchi and others were known to have sought safety in flight at the advance of the slave raiders. They had such alert cries as ‘Na-egbea’. Given etymologically, Na is an imperative meaning ‘Run!’ While Egbea is the vernacular word for ‘morning’. Na-egbea thus informed the natives of the immediacy to take to their heels as the Nupes advanced to carry out morning raids. The Ibies who would not give in to the slave raiders so easily made such a clarion call for arms as Agbe-lo. NA-EGBEA meaning ‘run away (this) morning’ and AGBE-LO which translates ‘they (the Nupes) are to be attacked’ or ‘Go for the kill’ have been retained by their inventors as morning salutations to this day.

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Imhakhena Leaves Ivhiarua – By Aha Idokpesi Okhaishe N’ Avhianwu

Imhakhena Leaves Ivhiarua – By Aha Idokpesi Okhaishe N’ Avhianwu Imhakhena, the son of Anwu, son of Azama, lived peacefully with the children of Arua, his nephews, at Ivhiarua settlement. Imhakhena and family settled at the present day Ivhiukasa in Ivhiarua. This accounts for why Ivhimhakhena (descendants of Imhakhena) to this day make their first stop at Ivhiukasa on arrival at Fugar for the Age-group Naming Ceremony during the puberty (manhood) initiation. Imhakhena, Mother Aleukoko and the children of Arua all shared a common settlement: Ivhiarua. At home, they ate in common. They led a life of sharing irrespective of the sizes of the extended families. For meals, Mother Aleukoko’s kitchen still remained the meeting point for all her children. Her children’s children also filled their stomachs from her kitchen. So all met here to have a stomach full of whatever was prepared to satisfy their hunger. The children of Arua and Imhakhena’s life together did not however continue indefinitely. Imhakhena had been both a hunter and a farmer. He was most of the time away from home on a hunting expedition. The vast forests bordering on his farmlands were his hunting fields. Imhakhena was notorious for his long absence from home. He was either working on his farm or atop trees lying in wait for game. He was however never left out in the sharing of meals. His share was always kept whenever he was expected. At times Imhakhena returned home when he was least expected. At other times he would fail to show up when he was most expected. There was that fateful day when Imhakhena left home in the small hours of the morning and was never at all expected back home. But he did come back to ask for his share of the baked corn (ikpeko or eko-oka) meal – his favourite food -that was reportedly prepared and eaten that day in Mother Aleukoko’s kitchen. He was told that not even a mouthful was left of it. Imhakhena was very bitter about what he termed unfair treatment meted out to him. Under his emotional outburst of anger (typical of a hungry man) he resolved to go back to his farmland where he could be alone and release surplus emotion. This was a measure very drastic in itself and very dreadful in its consequences, Imhakhena left that evening for the farm. And all was no longer the same thereafter. For several days, Imhakhena was away from home. His brothers, nephews and Mother Aleukoko were worried about him. After so many days of sojourn in the wilds, Imhakhena returned home and was received with joy. But none was half as joyful as Mother Aleukoko who was most worried about her youngest and bosom child. Imhakhena’s brothers hailed him ‘Uvie bh’ eko’ meaning ‘He who cried over baked corn (eko-oka). Though Imhakhena was home once again, his attitude towards home and all at home changed thereafter. He had begun making covert arrangements to make a home out of his farmlands. He would leave home for the farms only to return very much later than usual. His long absences from home became extraordinary and alarming. Each time he was asked for an explanation of his action, he would answer, ‘Ugbo onua (contracts to read Ugbonua) meaning ‘The farm is a long way away.’ He told them it was becoming increasingly difficult if not extremely impossible for him to be on the road with the same frequency as when his farm was near home. This continued for a long time until he left one day and never returned as he usually did. This time he took all his family with him. All his belongings he had hitherto transferred piecemeal to his farm. Imhakhena had established a settlement, a separate settlement. He was gone: away from his kinsmen and aged mother. Imhakhena had, however, not broken fraternal ties with his kinsmen. His brothers, nephews and all paid him constant visits, which he returned. They would not call him by any other name, during such meetings, but Ugbonua, teasingly. Anyone leaving home for a visit to Imhakhena would announce, “I go to see ‘Ugbonua’” The village Imhakhena established took the name Ogbona to this day. This had been a name coined from Imhakhena’s nickname: Ugbonua’. Oreokhiye is the tree that gave Imhakhena a shade and served as a warehouse for his farm and hunting implements during his farming and hunting expeditions. It was by this tree he built his farmstead, which later laid the foundations of Ogbona village. The name Oreokhiye as this monumental tree is known by to this day means ‘He who has come will not go back home (to parent Avhianwu, of course)’. The tree, Oreokhiye, is still standing to this day. It is located at the Ogbona traditional market. Mother Aleukoko Joins Imhakhena  Mother Aleukoko leaves home The lone figure directly affected by Imhakhena’s absence from home was their aged mother, Mother Aleukoko. She would rather be with Imhakhena alone than the many hundreds she was then left with. She hated to think that Imhakhena, her youngest child, was away – far away from her. She sorrowed over his absence. Her other children tried to make her see that there was no point grieving over the absence of her last born when she had them around her. She suffered in silence. Imhakhena’s separation from Mother Aleukoko was however for a short duration. As both fate and luck would have it, Imhakhena was reported ill. This was reported to Mother Aleukoko. Imhakhena’s indisposition had been a very good reason for Mother Aleukoko to leave home and join Imhakhena. She left home, as was expected, to care for her son at the latter’s farm (then a home for Imhakhena). Mother Aleukoko would not return home even when Imhakhena had been relieved of his illness. Her other children could not do otherwise but to send her belongings. Thus, Mother Aleukoko had joined her youngest child, Imhakhena, at the latter’s farm. The

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Major Events in Avhianwu History– By Aha Idokpesi Okhaishe N’ Avhianwu

Major Events in Avhianwu History– By Aha Idokpesi Okhaishe N’ Avhianwu About 1481 Oba Ozolua (Ozoluwa) succeeded Olua. Between 1481 and 1485   Anwu and family migrated from Benin (First Migration) About 1485 A Portuguese Explorer, John Affonso d’Aveiro first came to Benin City and introduced guns and coconuts (uvi-Oba) About 1504 Oba Ozoluwa died and was succeeded by Esigie. About l515-1516 the ldah War. About l570 Ivhianwu migrated from Afashio-uzairue (Second Migration). About 1830 the Nupe Invasion About 1886 Oghie Omiawa of Avhianwu introduced the system of each village giving 25 slaves to the Nupes every other year. About 1888 the march against Osigbemhe of Aghiere (Weppa) by Omiawa of Avhianwu called off as a result of the accidental death of an Uzairue mercenary. About 1891 Oghie Omiawa of Avhianwu instigated a war between the Nupes and Aghiere (Weppa). 1897    January 4, the Benin Massacre. 1897    September 9, The British Force took Benin City. 1897    The Nupe withdrawal from Avhianwu. 1897    Yearly tribute to ‘Nupe stopped on British troop’s arrival. 1899    Royal Niger Company handed over the administration of Kukuruku to the British Government. 1900    Government School opened at Fugar. 1904   Native Court established at Fug ar. 1907   Osaki Ukaba – the witch killer liquor (prepared from sasswood) was taken in Avhianwu. 1907    Fugar Government Rest House built, 1908    January 14, Fugar Native Court House opened (having been built by Oghie Aduku “Gbagba’, the former Clan Head who was then in prison serving a jail term of 6 months for juju palaver). 1914   Government School removed from Fugar. 1914   Roman Catholic School opened at Fugar. 1914    Amalgamation of Northern and Southern Nigeria by Lord Frederick Laggard. 1914   The World War I begins. 1918                Kukuruku Division with its Headquarters at Fugar, created. 1918   Divisional headquarters removed from Ubiaja (Ishan) to Fugar. 1918   Administrative and Military headquarters removed from Iddo (Ukpilla) to Fugar. 1918    J.C. Walker, Esq.; First District Officer of Kukuruku Division died. 1918   The great epidemic of Influenza (Eghui Ochamhi). 1918   World War I ends. 1918    End of World War I was celebrated at Fugar by the whole of Kukuruku Division. 1919    Division of Kukuruku Division into 7 Districts. 1920    Headquarters of Kukuruku Division transferred from Fugar to Auchi under the then district Officer, C. M. Dunn, Esq. 1920    Direct Taxation introduced into Kukuruku Division. 1921    The Uniform Tax of 25k was first paid in Avhianwu. 1921    Fugar Youth Movement Association (FYMA) formed. 1925    D. H. Momoh of Auchi abolished Okhe title in Avhianwu came with a team of Mallams and destroyed all shrines and declared a general worship of Allah. 1926    Atsanughegbe. 1926    December 26, the priest of Atsanughegbe was convicted. 1927    Native Court removed from Fugar. 1930    Native Court re-established at Fugar. 1930    Yam beetles invaded Avhianwu. 1930    Roman Catholic School, Ogbona opened. 1930    Mass arrest of Christians in Avhianwu for disturbing the ruling authority (Alemoh was the Clan Head then). 1931    Warrant Chief System abolished in Avhianwu and the Ukpi System of Rule re-established. 1932   Clan system of Administration was introduced in Etsako (Clan N. A.s). 1933    Roman Catholic School, Ivhiraokhor opened. 1935    May 12, Fugar Youth Movement Association (FYMA) changed its name to Fugar Progressive Union (FPU). 1936    Abolition of the 7 Districts in Kukuruku Division and Clans were established in place of Districts. 1937    Native Clan Courts established in Kukuruku Division. 1938    Anglican School opened at Fugar. 1939    World War II (known in Etsako as Hitler War) begins. 1941     Aidelebe, the Village Head of Ivhiarua, was assassinated by Osiokhamhele of Iruru. 1941    Osiokhamhele who killed Aidelebe committed suicide by hanging. 1942    Postal Agency established at Fugar. 1945   World War II ends. 1945   Fugar Native Dispensary opened. 1945    The former Kukuruku Divisional N. A. (Native Authority) was divided into 3 N. A.s with Headquarters at Auchi for Etsako N. A.; Igarra for Akoko-Edo N. A.; and Afuze for Ivhiotsakon N. A. 1945    Great famine caused by the destruction of farm crops by yam beetles in Etsako. 1946    L. A. School, Ogbona opened. 1947    St. Theresa’s Catholic School House, Fugar built. 1947    May 26, Total Eclipse of the Sun in Nigeria. 1948    First water bore-hole at Fugar sited on Obe road. 1951    Second water bore-hole at Fugar sited at Ukwewo. 1951    First Regional Election. 1954    First Federal Election in which Chief J. M. Udochi won. 1954   First District Council Election in the then Western Region of Nigeria in which Chiefs J. O. Alao. E. A. Lamai and M. C. K. Orbih were elected into the Etsako District Council. 1954   Third water bore-hole at Fugar sited at Aki-Ugba. 1954   January 7, Oba of Benin, Akenzua II, then the President General of the Benin-Delta People’s Party (BDPP), visited Fugar. 1954   Free Primary Education introduced in the then Western Region of Nigeria by Chief Obafemi Awolowo. 1954    First Federal Election; First London Conference. 1955    Holy Rosary Girls’ Primary School opened at Fugar. 1955                Etsako District Council School opened at Fugar. 1955    St Patrick’s Catholic School (Now Ebidi Primary School) opened at Fugar. 1956    Kukuruku Division formally renamed Afenmai Division. 1956   Queen Elizabeth II visited Nigeria. 1959   Federal Election in which Chief M. C. K. Orbih won. 1959    October 10, Chief Obefemi Awolowo visited Fugar in a Helicopter. 1960    Fugar and Ogbona Maternity Centres opened. 1960   October 01, Nigeria gained her Independence from Britain. 1960   Chief J. M Udochi appointed first Nigeria’s Ambassador to the United States of America. 1960    St. Andrew’s Anglican Modern School, Fugar, opened. 1961    St. Michael’s Catholic Modem School, Ogbona, opened. 1961      March 29, St. John’s Grammar School, Fugar opened. 1961    The Mennonite Church of God in Christ came to Fugar. 1962    First Enquiry was set up by the then Western Region Government into Avhianwu Chieftaincy affairs. 1962   Emergency in Western Nigeria. 1962    General Census rejected. 1963    October 1, Nigeria became a Republic. 1963    Midwest Plebiscite and the consequent creation of Midwestern Region of Nigeria. 1964    First Election to Midwest House of Assembly. 1964   Chief E. A. Lamai appointed into the Nigeria

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